A new class of multi-wavelet bases: V-system

The V-system is a complete orthogonal system of functions defined on the interval [0, 1], generated by finite Legendre polynomials and the dilation and translation of a function generator, which consists of a finite number of continuous and discontinuous functions. The V-system has interesting properties, such as orthogonality, symmetry, completeness and short compact support. It is shown in this paper that the V-system is essentially a special multi-wavelet basis. As a result, some basic properties of the V-system are established through the well-developed theory of multi-wavelets. From this point of view, more other V-systems are constructed.     

Centrifugally-driven sample extraction, preconcentration and purification in microfluidic compact discs

Centrifugally-driven microfluidic compact discs (μ-CDs) have attracted significant interest within the analytical science community in the past decade, with the primary focus on the potential of such platforms for performing parallel and/or multiplex biological assays and further application in biomedical diagnostics. More recently, μ-CD-based devices were also applied to environmental analysis as platforms for multi-sample extraction and transportation, prior to off-disc analysis in the laboratory. This review critically summarizes recent developments in μ-CD platforms for sample extraction, preconcentration, fractionation and purification in bioanalytical and environmental applications. We also summarize the common methods employed in the fabrication of μ-CD platforms. Further, we discuss preparation of stationary phases in microfluidic channels embedded in μ-CDs, as applications of μ-CDs in sample extraction are generally based on enclosed series of extraction phases and microcolumns.     

Metabolic Profiling of Human Colorectal Cancer Using High Resolution 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third commonest malignancy cancer worldwide. Clear understandings of global metabolic profiling of the normal mucosa and cancer tissues are vitally important to aid optimizing the clinical management strategy and understanding CRC biology. We studied metabolic characteristics of 20 CRC and 20 distant normal mucosa tissues extracts from 20 patients using high resolution ¹H NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate analyses, such as principal component analysis (PCA). Compared with distant normal mucosa tissues, lactate, taurine, ornithine and polyamine were present at significantly higher levels in CRC tissue extracts whereas myo‐inositol was present at significantly lower level. Two metabolites ratios such as myo‐inositol/taurine and myo‐inositol/(ornithine+polyamine) appear to be the most valuable biomarkers for the differentiation CRC from normal mucosa tissues. Our data suggested that HR ¹H NMR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analyses is a potentially useful technology for detecting malignant changes in the normal mucosa tissues, the technique may be further exploited for future CRC biomarker research or identification of targets for therapeutic manipulations.     

正交实验法在小麦粉中甲醛振荡提取条件的应用研究

小麦粉中甲醛的提取问题是一个比较复杂的多因素问题。采用正交实验法,选用L9(34)正交实验表,在提取试剂、提取温度、提取时间等多个因素和水平中优选小麦粉中甲醛振荡提取的最佳条件。实验中甲醛提取量采用Nash试剂柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定。结果表明,提取温度是小麦粉中甲醛提取的最主要因素,最佳的提取条件为提取温度30℃、提取液为硫酸钠、提取时间为40min。     

On‐Line Monitoring of Chemical Reactions by using Bench‐Top Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Real‐time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measurements carried out with a bench‐top system installed next to the reactor inside the fume hood of the chemistry laboratory are presented. To test the system for on‐line monitoring, a transfer hydrogenation reaction was studied by continuously pumping the reaction mixture from the reactor to the magnet and back in a closed loop. In addition to improving the time resolution provided by standard sampling methods, the use of such a flow setup eliminates the need for sample preparation. Owing to the progress in terms of field homogeneity and sensitivity now available with compact NMR spectrometers, small molecules dissolved at concentrations on the order of 1 mmol L^?1 can be characterized in single‐scan measurements with 1 Hz resolution. Owing to the reduced field strength of compact low‐field systems compared to that of conventional high‐field magnets, the overlap in the spectrum of different NMR signals is a typical situation. The data processing required to obtain concentrations in the presence of signal overlap are discussed in detail, methods such as plain integration and line‐fitting approaches are compared, and the accuracy of each method is determined. The kinetic rates measured for different catalytic concentrations show good agreement with those obtained with gas chromatography as a reference analytical method. Finally, as the measurements are performed under continuous flow conditions, the experimental setup and the flow parameters are optimized to maximize time resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio.     

PBL节点初始平动刚度计算及设计参数优化

为研究钢桁腹混凝土组合箱梁中PBL(Perfobond Leiste)节点的初始平动刚度及其影响因素,首先基于组件法,运用卡氏第二定理推导出考虑了开孔钢板与混凝土间的界面剪切力和混凝土榫贡献的PBL节点的初始平动刚度表达式,其次以某工程实例为背景,结合有限元模型验证所推公式的合理性;在此基础上分析了混凝土强度、腹杆直径、腹杆壁厚、开孔钢板开孔孔径和开孔钢板厚度等构造参数对初始平动刚度的影响,并利用正交分析法对以上5个参数进行优化组合。研究结果表明,本文方法计算的PBL节点初始平动刚度结果与有限元计算结果间的误差在8.0%以内;相较运用解三角形计算腹杆平动位移的方法,采用卡氏第二定理不仅可以简化计算,还可以减小解三角形过程中因多次计算变形带来的误差累积;腹杆刚度对PBL节点整体平动刚度的贡献最大,可达到82.5%;保持原设中的混凝土强度不变,将腹杆直径增加20 mm,将钢腹杆壁厚增加4 mm,将开孔钢板开孔孔径增加4 mm,将开孔钢板厚度增加4 mm,可以将PBL节点理论初始平动刚度提高约25.7%。     

低反轰热阴极微波电子枪初步实验

 简述了紧凑型自由电子激光太赫兹源研制的系统设计方案,介绍了具有两路微波馈入的热阴极微波电子枪的研制与测试情况,利用束流传感器测试了束流强度,并利用CCD相机测试了束斑大小,给出了微波电子枪通过初步热测实验得到的结果。测得微波电子枪出口处束流强度超过500 mA,束斑约3 mm,采用双屏法测量束流发射度,得到归一化发射度约为13.5 π·mm·mrad,测试指标与理论设计值吻合较好。     

带孔片状不良导体导热系数测试方法探究

推导出稳态法测量带孔片状不良导体导热系数的适用公式,并采用有效的方法对光盘进行了测试分析.     

具有特殊伸缩矩阵的三元不可分正交小波的构造

多元小波分析是分析和处理多维数字信号的有力工具.不可分多元小波被广泛地应用在模式识别、纹理分析和边缘检测等领域.给出了构造具有伸缩矩阵(101-1-110-10)的紧支撑三元不可分正交小波的算法,利用该算法得到的小波函数继承了来源于尺度函数和符号函数的对称性和消失矩性质,从而为这类小波在信号处理方面的应用提供了便利.最后给出了数值算例.     

拓扑空间关于子基的紧致性

覆盖方法的应用在粗糙集理论研究中越来越受到重视,其中拓扑空间的子集关于子基的内部和闭包两个概念尤为重要.在由它们导入的关于子基的开集,闭集的基础上,给出了拓扑空间关于子基的紧致性概念,并研究它的性质,得到一般拓扑空间中紧致性的一种推广.